WaitForIOReady.h

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/*
 * Copyright(c) Sophist Solutions, Inc. 1990-2025.  All rights reserved
 */
#ifndef _Stroika_Foundation_Execution_WaitForIOReady_h_
#define _Stroika_Foundation_Execution_WaitForIOReady_h_ 1
 
#include "Stroika/Foundation/StroikaPreComp.h"
 
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Common/Common.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Containers/Collection.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Containers/Set.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Debug/AssertExternallySynchronizedMutex.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Execution/Synchronized.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/IO/Network/Socket.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Time/Duration.h"
 
/**
 *  \file
 *
 *      WaitForIOReady utility - portably provide facility to check a bunch of file descriptors/sockets
 *      if input is ready (like select, epoll, WaitForMutlipleObjects, etc)
 *
 *  TODO:
 *      @todo   THINK OUT signal flags/params to ppoll()
 *
 *      @todo   Consider using Mapping<> for fPollData_;
 *
 *      @todo   See if some way to make WaitForIOReady work with stuff other than sockets - on windows
 *              (WaitFormUltipleEventsEx didnt work well at all)
 */
 
namespace Stroika::Foundation::Execution {
 
    /**
     *  \note see http://stroika-bugs.sophists.com/browse/STK-653
     *
     *  WSAPoll is not (fully/mostly) alertable, in the Windows API. So for Windows, this trick is needed to make
     *  WaitForIOReady::Wait* a ***Cancelation Point***.
     *
     *  Set qStroika_Foundation_Execution_WaitForIOReady_BreakWSAPollIntoTimedMillisecondChunks to a number of milliseconds between WSAPoll
     *  forced wakeups. A smaller value means more responsive, but more wasted CPU time.
     *
     *  \note Since Stroika 2.1a5, we no longer (generally use but still support) using Thread::Interrupt() to break the sleep.
     *        So this doesn't need to be quite as rapid. Changed from 1000ms to 3000ms --LGP 2020-04-09
     *        STILL NEEDED however, due to aborting threads (and cuz some users may still choose to use the thread interruption approach to wakeup)
     */
#ifndef qStroika_Foundation_Execution_WaitForIOReady_BreakWSAPollIntoTimedMillisecondChunks
#if qStroika_Foundation_Common_Platform_Windows
#define qStroika_Foundation_Execution_WaitForIOReady_BreakWSAPollIntoTimedMillisecondChunks 3000
#endif
#endif
 
    namespace WaitForIOReady_Support {
        /**
         *  This is the underlying native type 'HighLevelType objects must be converted to in order to
         *  be used with the operating-system poll/select feature.
         */
#if qStroika_Foundation_Common_Platform_Windows
        using SDKPollableType = SOCKET;
#else
        using SDKPollableType = int;
#endif
 
        /**
         */
        class WaitForIOReady_Base {
        public:
            /**
             *  This is the underlying native type 'T' objects must be converted to in order to be used with the OLD poll/select feature.
             */
            using SDKPollableType = WaitForIOReady_Support::SDKPollableType;
 
        public:
            /**
             *  @todo consider adding more params - like out of band flags - but doesn't immediately seem helpful -- LGP 2017-04-16
             *
             *  \note   Common::DefaultNames<> supported
             */
            enum class TypeOfMonitor {
                /**
                 *  There is data to read.
                 *
                 *  @see http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/poll.2.html - POLLIN
                 */
                eRead,
 
                /**
                 *  Writing is now possible.
                 *
                 *  @see http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/poll.2.html - POLLOUT
                 */
                eWrite,
 
                /**
                 *  Error condition.
                 *
                 *  @see http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/poll.2.html - POLLERR
                 */
                eError,
 
                /**
                 *  stream-oriented connection was either disconnected or aborted.
                 *
                 *  @see http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/poll.2.html - POLLHUP
                 */
                eHUP,
 
                Stroika_Define_Enum_Bounds (eRead, eHUP)
            };
 
        public:
            using TypeOfMonitorSet = Containers::Set<TypeOfMonitor>;
 
        public:
            /**
             */
            static inline const TypeOfMonitorSet kDefaultTypeOfMonitor{TypeOfMonitor::eRead};
 
        protected:
            /**
             *  Take an array of pair<SDKPollableType, TypeOfMonitorSet> objects, and return a Set{} with the INDEXES of 'ready' pollable objects.
             *  
             *  \note Design Note: This could have returned a set of pointer to SDKPollableType which would in some sense be simpler and
             *                     clearer, but its easier to validate/assert the returned INDEXES are valid than the returned POINTERS are valid.
             */
            static auto _WaitQuietlyUntil (const pair<SDKPollableType, TypeOfMonitorSet>* start, const pair<SDKPollableType, TypeOfMonitorSet>* end,
                                           Time::TimePointSeconds timeoutAt) -> Containers::Set<size_t>;
        };
 
        /**
         *  (Private) utility to allow select() to wakeup without sending EINTR such signals...
         *  
         *  \note idea originally from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12050072/how-to-wake-up-a-thread-being-blocked-by-select-poll-poll-function-from-anothe/22239521
         * 
         *  \note   \em Thread-Safety   <a href="Thread-Safety.md#Internally-Synchronized-Thread-Safety">Internally-Synchronized-Thread-Safety</a>
         */
        class EventFD {
        public:
            EventFD () = default;
 
        public:
            virtual ~EventFD () = default;
 
        public:
            virtual bool IsSet () const = 0;
 
        public:
            virtual void Set () = 0;
 
        public:
            virtual void Clear () = 0;
 
        public:
            // return low level FD + set of poll events
            virtual pair<SDKPollableType, WaitForIOReady_Base::TypeOfMonitorSet> GetWaitInfo () = 0;
        };
        unique_ptr<EventFD> mkEventFD ();
 
        template <typename T>
        struct WaitForIOReady_Traits {
            /**
             *  This is the type of object which is being wrapped (around a SDKPollableType object) and used with WaitForIOReady
             */
            using HighLevelType = T;
 
            /**
             *  To use WaitForIOReady, the high level 'descriptor' objects used must be convertible to associated low level
             *  file descriptor objects to use with select/poll/etc...
             */
            static inline WaitForIOReady_Support::SDKPollableType GetSDKPollable (const HighLevelType& t)
            {
                return t;
            }
        };
 
    }
 
    /**
     *  Simple portable wrapper on OS select/2, pselect/2, poll/2, epoll (), and/or WaitForMultipleEvents(), etc
     *
     *  \note   pollable2Wakeup specifies an OPTIONAL file descriptor, which, if signalled (written to or whatever signal sent to it
     *          depending on the POLL arg to this field) - any pending waits will return prematurely.
     *
     *          This can be used to trigger premature wakeup (without being treated as a timeout) - like if the list of file descriptors to watch
     *          changes.
     *
     *          Alternatively, users may interrupt Execution::WaitForIOReady portably using 
     *          Thread::Interrupt () (which is what Stroika generally did until v2.1a5) - but this is less efficient, and generates
     *          lots of log noise (dbgtrace). Also, interrupt means if there were real answers mixed with 
     *          non-answers we would miss the real answers and this way captures them too)
     *
     *  \par Example Usage
     *      \code
     *          Execution::WaitForIOReady waiter{fd};
     *          bool                      eof = false;
     *          while (not eof) {
     *              waiter.WaitQuietly (1);
     *              readALittleFromProcess (fd, stream, write2StdErrCache, &eof);
     *          }
     *      \endcode
     *
     *  \par Example Usage
     *      \code
     *          Execution::WaitForIOReady sockSetPoller{socket2FDBijection.Image ()};
     *          while (true) {
     *              try {
     *                  for (const auto& readyFD : sockSetPoller.WaitQuietly ()) {
     *                      ConnectionOrientedMasterSocket::Ptr localSocketToAcceptOn = *socket2FDBijection.InverseLookup (readyFD);
     *                      ConnectionOrientedStreamSocket::Ptr s                     = localSocketToAcceptOn.Accept ();
     *                      fNewConnectionAcceptor (s);
     *                  }
     *              }
     *              ...
     *          }
     *      \endcode
     *
     *  \note   WaitForIOReady internally uses SDKPollableType, which is a UNIX file descriptor or Windows SOCKET. TRAITS
     *          must be provided to map 'T' objects to that SDKPollableType. These are provided by default for most appropriate types.
     *
     *  \note   \em Thread-Safety   <a href="Thread-Safety.md#C++-Standard-Thread-Safety">C++-Standard-Thread-Safety</a>
     */
    template <typename T = WaitForIOReady_Support::SDKPollableType, typename TRAITS = WaitForIOReady_Support::WaitForIOReady_Traits<T>>
    class [[nodiscard]] WaitForIOReady : public WaitForIOReady_Support::WaitForIOReady_Base {
    public:
        using TraitsType = TRAITS;
 
    public:
        /**
         */
        WaitForIOReady (WaitForIOReady&&) noexcept = default;
        WaitForIOReady (const WaitForIOReady&)     = default;
        WaitForIOReady (const Traversal::Iterable<pair<T, TypeOfMonitorSet>>& fds,
                        optional<pair<SDKPollableType, TypeOfMonitorSet>>     pollable2Wakeup = nullopt);
        WaitForIOReady (const Traversal::Iterable<T>& fds, const TypeOfMonitorSet& flags = kDefaultTypeOfMonitor,
                        optional<pair<SDKPollableType, TypeOfMonitorSet>> pollable2Wakeup = nullopt);
        WaitForIOReady (T fd, const TypeOfMonitorSet& flags = kDefaultTypeOfMonitor,
                        optional<pair<SDKPollableType, TypeOfMonitorSet>> pollable2Wakeup = nullopt);
 
    public:
        ~WaitForIOReady () = default;
 
    public:
        nonvirtual WaitForIOReady& operator= (WaitForIOReady&&) noexcept = default;
        nonvirtual WaitForIOReady& operator= (const WaitForIOReady&)     = default;
 
    public:
        /**
         */
        nonvirtual Traversal::Iterable<pair<T, TypeOfMonitorSet>> GetDescriptors () const;
 
    public:
        /*
         *  Waits the given amount of time, and returns as soon as any one (or more) requires service (see TypeOfMonitor), or pollable2Wakeup signaled (in which case may return empty set).
         *
         *  \note   Throws TimeOutException () on timeout.
         *  
         *  \note   ***Cancelation Point***
         *
         *  @see WaitQuietly
         *  @see WaitUntil
         *  @see WaitQuietlyUntil
         */
        nonvirtual Containers::Set<T> Wait (Time::DurationSeconds waitFor = Time::kInfinity);
 
    public:
        /*
         *  Waits the given amount of time, and returns as soon as any one (or more) requires service (see TypeOfMonitor).
         *
         *   Returns set of file descriptors which are ready, or empty set if timeout, or if signaled by pollable2Wakeup.
         *
         *  \note   ***Cancelation Point***
         *
         *  @see Wait
         *  @see WaitUntil
         *  @see WaitQuietlyUntil
         */
        nonvirtual Containers::Set<T> WaitQuietly (Time::DurationSeconds waitFor = Time::kInfinity);
 
    public:
        /*
         *  Waits until the given timeoutAt, and returns as soon as any one (or more) requires service (see TypeOfMonitor), or pollable2Wakeup signaled (in which case may return empty set)..
         *
         *  \note   Throws TimeOutException () on timeout.
         *
         *  \note   ***Cancelation Point***
         *
         *  @see Wait
         *  @see WaitQuietly
         *  @see WaitQuietlyUntil
         */
        nonvirtual Containers::Set<T> WaitUntil (Time::TimePointSeconds timeoutAt = Time::TimePointSeconds{Time::kInfinity});
 
    public:
        /*
         *  Waits until the given timeoutAt, and returns as soon as any one (or more) requires service (see TypeOfMonitor), or pollable2Wakeup signaled (in which case may return empty set)..
         *
         *  Returns set of file descriptors which are ready, or an empty set if time expired before any became ready.
         *
         *  if timeout is <= 0, this will not wait (but may still find some file descriptors ready).
         *
         *  \note   ***Cancelation Point***
         *
         *  @see Wait
         *  @see WaitQuietly
         *  @see WaitUntil
         */
        nonvirtual Containers::Set<T> WaitQuietlyUntil (Time::TimePointSeconds timeoutAt = Time::TimePointSeconds{Time::kInfinity});
 
    private:
        [[no_unique_address]] Debug::AssertExternallySynchronizedMutex fThisAssertExternallySynchronized_;
        const Traversal::Iterable<pair<T, TypeOfMonitorSet>>           fPollData_;
        const optional<pair<SDKPollableType, TypeOfMonitorSet>>        fPollable2Wakeup_;
    };
 
}
 
/*
 ********************************************************************************
 ***************************** Implementation Details ***************************
 ********************************************************************************
 */
#include "WaitForIOReady.inl"
 
#endif /*_Stroika_Foundation_Execution_WaitForIOReady_h_*/