Association_Factory.h

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/*
 * Copyright(c) Sophist Solutions, Inc. 1990-2025.  All rights reserved
 */
#ifndef _Stroika_Foundation_Containers_Concrete_Association_Factory_h_
#define _Stroika_Foundation_Containers_Concrete_Association_Factory_h_
 
#include "Stroika/Foundation/StroikaPreComp.h"
 
#include <type_traits>
 
/**
 *  \file
 */
 
namespace Stroika::Foundation::Containers {
    template <typename KEY_TYPE, typename VALUE_TYPE>
    class Association;
}
 
namespace Stroika::Foundation::Containers::Factory {
 
    /**
     *  \brief   Singleton factory object - Used to create the default backend implementation of a Association<> container; typically not called directly.
     *
     *  Note - you can override the underlying factory dynamically by calling Association_Factory<T,TRAITS>::Register ().
     *
     *  \note   \em Thread-Safety   <a href="Thread-Safety.md#C++-Standard-Thread-Safety">C++-Standard-Thread-Safety</a>
     *
     *  \note   Association_Factory<K,P> makes up its own default comparer, and so can use order Associations, like Association_stdmap, whereas
     *          Association_Factory<K,P,E> - since it takes an equals comparer - is restricted to backends that work with an equals comparere.
     */
    template <typename KEY_TYPE, typename VALUE_TYPE, IEqualsComparer<KEY_TYPE> KEY_EQUALS_COMPARER = equal_to<KEY_TYPE>>
    class Association_Factory {
    public:
        static_assert (not is_reference_v<KEY_TYPE> and not is_reference_v<VALUE_TYPE> and not is_reference_v<KEY_EQUALS_COMPARER>,
                       "typically if this fails its because a (possibly indirect) caller forgot to use forward<TTT>(), or remove_cvref_t");
 
    public:
        /**
         *  The type of object produced by the factory.
         */
        using ConstructedType = Association<KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE>;
 
    public:
        /**
         *  Function type to create an ConstructedType object.
         */
        using FactoryFunctionType = function<ConstructedType (const KEY_EQUALS_COMPARER& keyEqualsComparer)>;
 
    public:
        /**
         *  Hints can be used in factory constructor to guide the choice of the best container implementation/backend.
         */
        struct Hints {
            optional<bool> fOptimizeForLookupSpeedOverUpdateSpeed;
        };
 
    public:
        /**
         *  Construct a factory for producing new ConstructedType objects. The default is to use whatever was registered with 
         *  Association_Factory::Register (), but a specific factory can easily be constructed with provided arguments.
         */
        constexpr Association_Factory ();
        constexpr Association_Factory (const Hints& hints);
        constexpr Association_Factory (const FactoryFunctionType& f);
        constexpr Association_Factory (const Association_Factory&) = default;
 
    public:
        /**
         *  This can be called anytime, before main(), or after. BUT - beware, any calls to Register must
         *  be externally synchronized, meaning effectively that they must happen before the creation of any
         *  threads, to be safe. Also note, since this returns a const reference, any calls to Register() after
         *  a call to Default, even if synchronized, is suspect.
         */
        static const Association_Factory& Default ();
 
    public:
        /**
         *  You can call this directly, but there is no need, as the Association<T,TRAITS> CTOR does so automatically.
         */
        nonvirtual ConstructedType operator() (const KEY_EQUALS_COMPARER& keyEqualsComparer = {}) const;
 
    public:
        /**
         *  Register a default global factory for ConstructedType objects (of the templated type/parameters).
         *  No need to call, typically, as the default factory is generally fine.
         * 
         *  \par Example Usage
         *      \code
         *          Association_Factory::Register(Association_Factory{Association_Factory::Hints{.fOptimizeForLookupSpeedOverUpdateSpeed=true});
         *          Association_Factory::Register();    // or use defaults
         *      \endcode
         *
         *  \note   \em Thread-Safety   <a href="Thread-Safety.md#C++-Standard-Thread-Safety">C++-Standard-Thread-Safety</a>
         *          BUT - special note/restriction - must be called before any threads call Association_Factory::Association_Factory() OR
         *          Association_Factory::Default(), which effectively means must be called at the start of main, but before creating any threads
         *          which might use the factory).
         * 
         *  \note this differs markedly from Stroika 2.1, where Register could be called anytime, and was internally synchronized.
         * 
         *  \note If you wanted a dynamically changeable factory (change after main), you could write one yourself with its own internal synchronization,
         *        set the global one here, then perform the changes to its internal structure through another API.
         */
        static void Register (const optional<Association_Factory>& f = nullopt);
 
    private:
        FactoryFunctionType fFactory_;
 
    private:
        // function to assure magically constructed even if called before main
        static Association_Factory& AccessDefault_ ();
    };
 
}
 
/*
 ********************************************************************************
 ******************************* Implementation Details *************************
 ********************************************************************************
 */
#include "Association_Factory.inl"
 
#endif /*_Stroika_Foundation_Containers_Concrete_Association_Factory_h_ */