Ping.cpp

/*
 * Copyright(c) Sophist Solutions, Inc. 1990-2026.  All rights reserved
 */
#include "Stroika/Frameworks/StroikaPreComp.h"
 
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Characters/StringBuilder.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Characters/ToString.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Containers/Collection.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Execution/Sleep.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Execution/Timeout.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/IO/Network/InternetProtocol/ICMP.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/IO/Network/InternetProtocol/IP.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/IO/Network/Socket.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/IO/Network/SocketAddress.h"
#include "Stroika/Foundation/Traversal/DiscreteRange.h"
 
#include "Ping.h"
 
using std::byte;
 
using namespace Stroika::Foundation;
using namespace Stroika::Foundation::Characters;
using namespace Stroika::Foundation::Containers;
using namespace Stroika::Foundation::Debug;
using namespace Stroika::Foundation::Execution;
using namespace Stroika::Foundation::Memory;
using namespace Stroika::Foundation::IO;
using namespace Stroika::Foundation::IO::Network;
using namespace Stroika::Foundation::IO::Network::InternetProtocol;
 
using namespace Stroika::Frameworks;
using namespace Stroika::Frameworks::NetworkMonitor;
using namespace Stroika::Frameworks::NetworkMonitor::Ping;
 
// Comment this in to turn on aggressive noisy DbgTrace in this module
//#define   USE_NOISY_TRACE_IN_THIS_MODULE_       1
 
/*
 ********************************************************************************
 ********************** NetworkMonitor::Ping::Options ***************************
 ********************************************************************************
 */
String Ping::Options::ToString () const
{
    StringBuilder sb;
    sb << "{"sv;
    sb << "maxHops: "sv << fMaxHops;
    sb << ", timeout: "sv << fTimeout;
    sb << ", packetPayloadSize: "sv << fPacketPayloadSize;
    sb << "}"sv;
    return sb;
}
 
/*
 ********************************************************************************
 ********************** NetworkMonitor::Ping::Pinger::ResultType ****************
 ********************************************************************************
 */
String Pinger::ResultType::ToString () const
{
    StringBuilder sb;
    sb << "{"sv;
    sb << "pingTime: "sv << fPingTime;
    sb << ", hopCount: "sv << fHopCount;
    sb << "}"sv;
    return sb;
}
 
/*
 ********************************************************************************
 *************************** NetworkMonitor::Ping::Pinger ***********************
 ********************************************************************************
 */
Pinger::Pinger (const InternetAddress& addr, const Options& options)
    : fDestination_{addr}
    , fOptions_{options}
    , fICMPPacketSize_{Options::kAllowedICMPPayloadSizeRange.Pin (options.fPacketPayloadSize) + sizeof (ICMP::V4::PacketHeader)}
    , fSendPacket_{fICMPPacketSize_}
    , fSocket_{IO::Network::ConnectionlessSocket::New (SocketAddress::INET, Socket::RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)}
    , fNextSequenceNumber_{static_cast<uint16_t> (fAllUInt16Distribution_ (fRng_))}
    , fPingTimeout_{options.fTimeout}
{
    Debug::TraceContextBumper ctx{"Frameworks::NetworkMonitor::Ping::Pinger::CTOR", "addr={}, options={}"_f, fDestination_, fOptions_};
    // use random data as a payload
    for (byte* p = (byte*)fSendPacket_.begin () + sizeof (ICMP::V4::PacketHeader); p < fSendPacket_.end (); ++p) {
        uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> anyByteDistribution (0, numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max ());
        *p = static_cast<byte> (anyByteDistribution (fRng_));
    }
}
 
Pinger::ResultType Pinger::RunOnce (const optional<unsigned int>& ttl)
{
    Debug::TraceContextBumper ctx{"Frameworks::NetworkMonitor::Ping::Pinger::RunOnce", "ttl={}"_f, ttl};
    return RunOnce_ICMP_ (ttl.value_or (fOptions_.fMaxHops));
}
 
Pinger::ResultType Pinger::RunOnce_ICMP_ (unsigned int ttl)
{
    Debug::TraceContextBumper ctx{
        Stroika_Foundation_Debug_OptionalizeTraceArgs ("Frameworks::NetworkMonitor::Ping::Pinger::RunOnce_ICMP_", "ttl={}"_f, ttl)};
    fSocket_.setsockopt (IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, ttl); // max # of hops
 
    ICMP::V4::PacketHeader pingRequest = [&] () {
        ICMP::V4::PacketHeader tmp{};
        tmp.type      = ICMP::V4::ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST;
        tmp.id        = static_cast<uint16_t> (fAllUInt16Distribution_ (fRng_));
        tmp.seq       = ++fNextSequenceNumber_;
        tmp.timestamp = static_cast<uint32_t> (Time::GetTickCount ().time_since_epoch ().count () * 1000);
        return tmp;
    }();
    (void)::memcpy (fSendPacket_.begin (), &pingRequest, sizeof (pingRequest));
    reinterpret_cast<ICMP::V4::PacketHeader*> (fSendPacket_.begin ())->checksum =
        IP::ip_checksum (fSendPacket_.begin (), fSendPacket_.begin () + fICMPPacketSize_);
    fSocket_.SendTo (fSendPacket_, SocketAddress{fDestination_, 0});
 
    // Find first packet responding (some packets could be bogus/ignored)
    Time::TimePointSeconds pingTimeoutAfter = Time::GetTickCount () + fPingTimeout_;
    while (true) {
        ThrowTimeoutExceptionAfter (pingTimeoutAfter);
        SocketAddress    fromAddress;
        constexpr size_t kExtraSluff_{100}; // Leave a little extra room in case some packets return extra
        StackBuffer<byte> recv_buf{Memory::eUninitialized, fICMPPacketSize_ + sizeof (ICMP::V4::PacketHeader) + 2 * sizeof (IP::V4::PacketHeader) +
                                                               kExtraSluff_}; // icmpPacketSize includes ONE ICMP header and payload, but we get 2 IP and 2 ICMP headers in TTL Exceeded response
        size_t n = fSocket_.ReceiveFrom (recv_buf, 0, &fromAddress, fPingTimeout_).size ();
#if USE_NOISY_TRACE_IN_THIS_MODULE_
        DbgTrace ("got back packet from {}"_f, fromAddress);
#endif
        const IP::V4::PacketHeader* replyIPHeader = reinterpret_cast<const IP::V4::PacketHeader*> (recv_buf.begin ());
 
        // Skip ahead to the ICMP header within the IP packet
        unsigned short                header_len      = replyIPHeader->ihl * 4;
        const ICMP::V4::PacketHeader* replyICMPHeader = (const ICMP::V4::PacketHeader*)((const byte*)replyIPHeader + header_len);
 
        // Make sure the reply is sane
        if (n < header_len + ICMP::V4::ICMP_MIN) {
            Execution::Throw (Execution::Exception{"too few bytes from "sv + Characters::ToString (fromAddress)}); // draft @todo fix
        }
 
        /*
         * If we got a response id, compare it with the request we sent to make sure we're reading a resposne to the request we sent
         */
        optional<uint16_t> echoedID;
        switch (replyICMPHeader->type) {
            case ICMP::V4::ICMP_ECHO_REPLY: {
                echoedID = replyICMPHeader->id;
            } break;
            case ICMP::V4::ICMP_TTL_EXPIRE: {
                // According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol#Time_exceeded - we also can find the first 8 bytes of original datagram's data
                const ICMP::V4::PacketHeader* echoedICMPHeader =
                    (const ICMP::V4::PacketHeader*)((const byte*)replyICMPHeader + 8 + sizeof (IP::V4::PacketHeader));
                echoedID = echoedICMPHeader->id;
            } break;
            case ICMP::V4::ICMP_DEST_UNREACH: {
                // According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol#Destination_unreachable - we also can find the first 8 bytes of original datagram's data
                const ICMP::V4::PacketHeader* echoedICMPHeader =
                    (const ICMP::V4::PacketHeader*)((const byte*)replyICMPHeader + 8 + sizeof (IP::V4::PacketHeader));
                echoedID = echoedICMPHeader->id;
            } break;
        }
        if (echoedID and echoedID != pingRequest.id) {
            DbgTrace ("echoedID ({} != pingRequest.id (0x{:x})) so ignoring this reply"_f, echoedID, static_cast<int> (pingRequest.id));
            // Must be a reply for another pinger running locally, so just ignore it (this will likely be quite rare).
            continue;
        }
 
        /*
         * Handle different response messages differently - but looking for ICMP_ECHO_REPLY, or ICMP_TTL_EXPIRE (for traceroute)
         */
        switch (replyICMPHeader->type) {
            case ICMP::V4::ICMP_ECHO_REPLY: {
                // Different operating systems use different starting values for TTL. TTL here is the original number used,
                // less the number of hops. So we are left with making an educated guess. Need refrence and would be nice to find better
                // way, but this seems to work pretty often.
                unsigned int nHops{};
                if (replyIPHeader->ttl > 128) {
                    nHops = 257 - replyIPHeader->ttl;
                }
                else if (replyIPHeader->ttl > 64) {
                    nHops = 129 - replyIPHeader->ttl;
                }
                else {
                    nHops = 65 - replyIPHeader->ttl;
                }
#if USE_NOISY_TRACE_IN_THIS_MODULE_
                DbgTrace ("reply->ttl = {}, nHops = {}"_f, replyIPHeader->ttl, nHops);
#endif
                return ResultType{Duration{Time::GetTickCount ().time_since_epoch ().count () - replyICMPHeader->timestamp / 1000.0}, nHops};
            }
            case ICMP::V4::ICMP_TTL_EXPIRE: {
                Execution::Throw (ICMP::V4::TTLExpiredException{InternetAddress{replyIPHeader->saddr}});
            }
            case ICMP::V4::ICMP_DEST_UNREACH: {
                Execution::Throw (ICMP::V4::DestinationUnreachableException{replyICMPHeader->code, InternetAddress{replyIPHeader->saddr}});
            };
            default: {
                Execution::Throw (ICMP::V4::UnknownICMPPacket{replyICMPHeader->type});
            }
        }
    }
    AssertNotReached ();
    return ResultType{};
}
 
/*
 ********************************************************************************
 ********************** NetworkMonitor::Ping::SampleOptions *********************
 ********************************************************************************
 */
Characters::String SampleOptions::ToString () const
{
    StringBuilder sb;
    sb << "{"sv;
    sb << "interval: "sv << fInterval;
    sb << ", count: "sv << fSampleCount;
    sb << "}"sv;
    return sb;
}
 
/*
 ********************************************************************************
 ******************* NetworkMonitor::Ping::SampleResults ************************
 ********************************************************************************
 */
String SampleResults::ToString () const
{
    StringBuilder sb;
    sb << "{"sv;
    if (fMedianPingTime) {
        sb << "medianPingTime: "sv << *fMedianPingTime;
    }
    if (fMedianHopCount) {
        sb << ", medianHopCount: "sv << fMedianHopCount;
    }
    if (fExceptionCount != 0) {
        sb << ", exceptionCount: "sv << fExceptionCount; // to see exceptions - run with sample-count = 1
    }
    sb << "}"sv;
    return sb;
}
 
/*
 ********************************************************************************
 ************************* NetworkMonitor::Ping::Sample *************************
 ********************************************************************************
 */
SampleResults NetworkMonitor::Ping::Sample (const InternetAddress& addr, const SampleOptions& sampleOptions, const Options& options)
{
    Debug::TraceContextBumper ctx{"Frameworks::NetworkMonitor::Ping::Sample", "addr={}, sampleOptions={}, options={}"_f, addr, sampleOptions, options};
    Pinger                            pinger{addr, options};
    Collection<Time::DurationSeconds> sampleTimes;
    Collection<unsigned int>          sampleHopCounts;
    unsigned int                      samplesTaken{};
    while (samplesTaken < sampleOptions.fSampleCount) {
        if (samplesTaken != 0) {
            Execution::Sleep (sampleOptions.fInterval);
        }
        try {
            Pinger::ResultType tmp = pinger.RunOnce ();
            sampleTimes += tmp.fPingTime;
            sampleHopCounts += tmp.fHopCount;
            ++samplesTaken;
        }
        catch (...) {
            ++samplesTaken;
        }
    }
    return sampleTimes.empty () ? SampleResults{{}, {}, samplesTaken}
                                : SampleResults{Duration{*sampleTimes.Median ()}, *sampleHopCounts.Median (),
                                                static_cast<unsigned int> (samplesTaken - sampleTimes.size ())};
}